Required prerequisite knowledge

View the admission requirements for the MA programme in Global Journalism.

Relevance within study programme

GJ 302 Journalism, Democracy and Development is a mandatory course in the MA Programme in Global Journalism at NLA University College and takes place in the first semester of the programme.

Introduction

It is commonly agreed that there is a relationship between the media and democracy, although the nature of the relationship is debated. This course addresses the issue by considering the role of the journalistic media in democratization processes, as well as the ways in which the spread of new digital media technologies affect democracy. . The course takes as its starting point that the media are used actively throughout the world to promote social and national development, both by local authorities and the international community. Yet there is a lack of consensus on how to describe the role of the media in these processes, and there is a need for a deeper understanding of the motives for the utilization of the media by various stakeholders and the potentials and limitations of journalism in this regard.

The course concerns itself centrally with media development projects, which have become a prominent part of the way in which democratization is supported by external actors. The course considers conceptual approaches, strengths, challenges, and critiques of media development. A particular focus is on conflict situations, where besides safety concerns there is also reason to question how the media and journalists operate and in which way they engage with different parties in the conflict.

The course also explores the role of digital media (sometimes called 'new media') in democratization processes as well as the impact of the spread of digital media on democracy across the world. With economic and technological advances, digital media have opened up new possibilities for public participation in the media. At the same time, digital media are criticized for reinforcing the gap between the information rich and the information poor, even within developing societies, while platformisation - the growing power of digital platforms - has created new centers of power, extended the potential for misinformation and damaged existing business models for journalistic media. Additional challenges emerge from developments in artificial intelligence.

The course relies on case studies and examples, including experiences of NA University College in journalism and media development in various parts of the world.

Learning outcomes descriptors

Knowledge

The student:

• has knowledge of major paradigms within development theory
• comprehends key theoretical approaches to media and democratization
• is familiar with selected alternative approaches to journalistic development
• has knowledge of experiences with journalistic development in conflict societies
• is able to explain key issues in debates about the impact of digital media on democracy and development

Skills

The student:

• can assess general approaches to journalism and democratization
• can analyze and critique media development approaches and projects in a particular society from a theoretical point of view
• demonstrates ability to discuss ethical issues pertaining to the role of journalistic activity in a conflict society
• is able to scrutinize various views in the debate concerning digital media, democracy and development and argue for solutions

General competence

The student:

• can communicate issues of journalism and development within a broader development frame
• has skills to problematize media interventions

Content

GJ 302-1: Journalism and democratization

 

This section of the course visits classic theories of media and democracy and discusses the particular role of journalism in light of the different models. It also considers media development efforts in emerging democracies, in terms of both theory and practice. An additional focus considers the particular circumstances and approaches that arise in conflict and post-conflict societies, including questions of journalism safety.

GJ 302-2: Digital media and democratic developmentThis part of the course explores the role of digital media (sometimes called ‘new media’) in democracy. processes. The use of new digital platforms on the fringes of classic journalism, , is discussed. The power of new digital platforms and the role of AI are discussed, together with their impact on democracy, including misinformation, damage to business models and issues of privacy and surveillance.  Discussion will also focus on solutions being explored in different parts of the world. A perspective on media regulation in closed regimes is presented.

Teaching and learning methods

The course has an introductory week with intensive teaching from Monday to Friday. The remaining six weeks of the course have weekly lectures. Online connection is available for the weekly lectures, but not for the introductory week.

Scope

250-300 hours.

Coursework requirements

The following coursework requirement must be passed before a final grade is given for the course:

Participation in a group assignment which consists of an oral presentation of a specific media society for a relevant audience (could also be an individual assignment). The presentation should discuss relations between journalism, democracy and development in the particular society. 

Grading, coursework requirements

The coursework requirement is assessed as pass/failure. In order for the individual student to get a passing grade, the overall presentation must be evaluated as pass on a group basis, and the student must participate either in preparing or delivering the presentation. 

Final assessment

Assessment

The graded assessment in GJ 302 comprises two items:

1. A 4000 word written assignment/paper (51% of the final grade), individual 

2. An oral examination (49% of the final grade), individual 

Grading, examination

The assignment is assessed according to the standard A-F grading system. One final, individual grade is given for the course.

Permitted aids under examination

1. Assignment: All tools are allowed, but using generative artificial intelligence tools such as ChatGPT to write the assignment or parts of the assignment is not allowed.

2. Oral examination: None

Assessment language

English or a Nordic language

Practice

None.

Course evaluation

Annual course evaluation in accordance with the quality assurance system for NLA University College. Students may also give their feedback on the course in the student group/in class.

Available as Single Course

Yes

Reading list and academic resources

Book
International media development historical perspectives and new frontiers
Nicholas Benequista (redaktør), New York Bern Berlin Vienna; New York Bern Berlin Vienna; New York Bern Berlin Vienna; New York Bern Berlin Vienna, Peter Lang, XV, 277 sider, volume 23, [2019]; © 2019, isbn:9781433151477,
Part 1, 2 and 4 (pp. 11-110. 155-228). (171 pp) Book Chapter
Global Justice and Global Media: The Long Way Ahead
Hamelink, Cees J, Lora Taub-Pervizpour (1967) (redaktør), Global Justice and Global Media: The Long Way Ahead, Basingstoke, Palgrave Macmillan, VIII, 275 s., 2011, 27-35, isbn:9780230108639, Article
Training journalists in times of transition: The case of Kosovo
Hoxha, A; Andresen, K, Journalism Education, 2, 6, 2017, 37-47, Book Chapter
Introduction: Media, democracy, human rights and social justice
Jansen, Sue Curry, Lora Taub-Pervizpour (1967) (redaktør), Introduction: Media, democracy, human rights and social justice, Basingstoke, Palgrave Macmillan, VIII, 275 s., 2011, 1-23, isbn:9780230108639, Book Chapter
Introduction
Beate Josephi, Beate Josephi, Introduction, New York, Peter Lang, XXIII, 263 s, vol. 1, cop. 2010, 1-14, isbn:9781433110849,

Book Chapter
Conclusions
Beate Josephi, Beate Josephi, Conclusions, New York, Peter Lang, XXIII, 263 s, vol. 1, cop. 2010, 253-260, isbn:9781433110849, Article
Sustainable journalism education beyond short-term training: Experiences from emerging democracies
Melhus, Kåre, Unpublished paper, 2013, 1-11, Article
CULTURE CLASH: International media training and the difficult adoption of Western journalism practices among Indonesian radio journalists
Muchtar, Nurhaya ; Hanitzsch, Thomas, Taylor & Francis Group, 184-198, Journalism practice, 2, 7, 2013-04-01, 184-198,
View online
Book
Public sentinel : news media & governance reform [elektronisk ressurs]
Pippa Norris, Washington, D.C., World Bank, xxi, 420 s., c2010, isbn:0821382012; 9780821382011,

Chapter 1

View online
Book Chapter
What constitutes media development?
Rønning, Helge, Thorbjörn Broddason (red.), What constitutes media development?, Göteborg, Göteborgs universitet, Institutionen för journalistik, medier och kommunikation, 410, 61, 2010, 305-320, isbn:9789188212849, Article
Teaching journalism or teaching African journalism? Experiences from foreign involvement in a journalism programme in Ethiopia
Skjerdal, Terje S, University of Stellenbosch, 24-51, Global media journal (African ed.), 1, 5, 2011-01-01, 24-51,
View online
Article
60 years of foreign intervention in African journalism: Fortifying the liberal ethos
Skjerdal, Terje, Unpublished paper, 2021, 1-11, Article
South African media in comparative perspective
Sparks, Colin, Taylor & Francis Group, 5-19, Ecquid novi, 2, 32, 2011-07-01, 5-19,
View online
Book
The Media for democracy monitor : a cross national study of leading news media
Josef Trappel (redaktør), Göteborg, Nordicom, 366 s., 2011, isbn:9789186523237,
pp. 11-28 Book
Handbook of Communication for Development and Social Change
Servaes, Jan, Servaes, Jan, Singapore, Springer, 2020, isbn:9789811520136,
View online
Article
The state of South African media: a space to contest democracy
Wasserman, Herman, Wiesbaden, Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 451-465, Publizistik, 3, 65, 2020, 451-465,
View online
Article
Reporting in Conflict Zones in Pakistan: Risks and Challenges for Fixers
Kiyya Baloch, Kenneth Andresen, Media and Communication, 1, 8, 37-46, Article
How conflict news comes into being: Reconstructing ‘reality’ through telling stories
Hoxha, Abit ; Hanitzsch, Thomas, Meyer, Christoph ; Frère, Marie-Soleil, London, England, SAGE Publications, 46-64, Media, war & conflict, 1, 11, 2018-03, 46-64,
View online
Book Chapter
Violence,War, and Gender: Collective Memory and Politics of Remembrance in Kosovo
Abit Hoxha and Kenneth Andresen, Violence,War, and Gender: Collective Memory and Politics of Remembrance in Kosovo, 263-285, isbn:978-3-030-54699-1, Article
Media development in regions of conflict, transitional countries, and closed societies
Jurrat, Nadine, Deutsche Welle, 2016, 1-20, Article
International assistance to promote independent media in transition and post-conflict societies
Kumar, Krishna, Routledge, 652-667, Democratization, 4, 13, 2006-08-01, 652-667,
View online
Article
Good journalism or peace journalism?
David Loyn, Berlin Regener Publishing House, 1-10, Conflict & communication online, 2, 6, 2007-10-01, 1-10,
View online
Book Chapter
Introduction: Conflict and post-conflict journalism: Worldwide perspectives
Orgeret, Kristin Skare, Kristin Skare Orgeret (1968-) (redaktør), Introduction: Conflict and post-conflict journalism: Worldwide perspectives, Göteborg, Nordicom, 2016, 13-22, isbn:9789187957246,
View online
Book Chapter
Justified mission? Press coverage of Uganda's military intervention in the South Sudan conflict
Ntulume, Charlotte, Kristin Skare Orgeret (1968-) (redaktør), Justified mission? Press coverage of Uganda's military intervention in the South Sudan conflict, Göteborg, Nordicom, 2016, 39-62, isbn:9789187957246,
View online
Book Chapter
Women making news: Conflict and post-conflict in the field
Orgeret, Kristin Skare, Kristin Skare Orgeret (1968-) (redaktør), Women making news: Conflict and post-conflict in the field, Göteborg, Nordicom, 2016, 99-114, isbn:9789187957246,
View online
Book Chapter
Experiences of female journalists in post-conflict Nepal
Koirala, Samiksha, Kristin Skare Orgeret (1968-) (redaktør), Experiences of female journalists in post-conflict Nepal, Göteborg, Nordicom, 2016, 115-128, isbn:9789187957246,
View online
Article
The manufacture of an international news event: The day Kosovo was born
Paterson, Chris ; Andresen, Kenneth ; Hoxha, Abit, London, England, SAGE Publications, 103-120, Journalism (London, England), 1, 13, 2012-01, 103-120,
View online
Article
Transitional justice and transitional journalism: Case-study on Kosovo
Sweeney, James A.; Andresen, Kenneth; Hoxha, Abit, International Journal of Transitional Justice, 3, 14, 1-21, Book Chapter
Bridging the digital divides: Exploring the principles of the community multimedia centre model in Uganda
Dralega, Carol Azungi, Orgeret, Kristin Skare; Rønning, Helge, Bridging the digital divides: Exploring the principles of the community multimedia centre model in Uganda, [Oslo], Unipub, 362 s., 2009, 287-312, isbn:9788274774544, Book
Democracy's fourth wave? : digital media and the Arab spring
Howard, Philip N.., Hussain, Muzammil M.., Oxford, Oxford University Press, XIV, 145 s., cop. 2013, isbn:9780199936953; 9780199936977,

pp. 17-34 and 89-102

Document
Greening Africa's news deserts The search for sustainable local media in sub-Saharan Africa
Krüger, Franz, Konrad 429 Adenauer Stiftung., 2022,
View online
Article
Journal of Media Business Studies Journalism is dead! Long live journalism?: why democratic societies will need to subsidise future news production
Robert W. McChesney, JOURNAL OF MEDIA BUSINESS STUDIES, 3, 13, 2016, 128-135,
View online
Article
Digital Journalism Restructuring Democratic Infrastructures: A Policy Approach to the Journalism Crisis
Victor Pickard, Digital Journalism, 6, 8, 2020, 704-719,